5 comments about What Works on Wall Street.

1. I am fortunate enough to be taking a class on investment strategy. This is the book we use. We also have access to the compustat database to test trading theories. Thus far, I have been able to get an annual 44.1% return with a corresponding Sharpe ratio of 1.22 through the database using the methods outlined in this book. Using compustat could not be easier. You enter the criteria you want to filter for (there are literally thousands of built in criteria) and it builds the model by buying the stock at the beginning of the time period and selling it at the end. It does this for the specified amount of time. Mine is every 12 months and it has been run over a 20 year period. So it buys and sells 20 times over the course of the model. I beat the S&P 17 of the 20 years and my worst 'down' period was -8.37%. I just hope I have the discipline to follow through with this model, look out Warren! there is a new oracle in town.
   
   There are over 22,000 companies in the database and I will forever use it to guide me.



2. I bought this book because it was referred to in Ken Fisher's latest book and wanted to learn more about using statistical analysis to generate better returns in the market. The author does a great job of presenting his analyses and going through his rationale for why he carried them out the way he did. But whereas Fisher stressed doing statistical analysis with emphasis on generating trading tools to use in a forward looking fashion and to see which trading trends are useful under current market conditions, the author's analyses are performed looking back over decades of previous data with mainly a long term buy and hold strategy in mind. Consequently he arrives at simple value investing conclusions (ie, buy low P/E stocks, buy low P/S stocks, buy high E/P stocks, and avoid growth stocks with high P/Es). But again, in many cases he uses fairly long time periods for the analyses and assumes the use of a buy and hold strategy in which you can buy the stocks and then just let them sit in your portfolio whithout any worries for years to come. Also, he seems to like including the "tech wreck" disaster as an example of why overpriced growth stocks give poor returns to support his conclusions; again assuming you would buy tech stocks and then try to hold them for a long time even if they have a P/E of 200. Overall, gives good advice for people who don't want to do homework or trade often, but not of much value if you're an active trader and the idea of investing in low P/E stocks is presented better elsewhere.



3. This is an impressive book, revised and updated from the first edition. (I have not seen the second edition). Especially good is the presentation of the strategies' results by deciles, absent from the first edition. Also, there are a further 9 years of data, including the period 1995-2003. Will the book help you make money? I don't know, but it gives you a fantastically thorough review of strategies which you might want to try. Where else can you get this data for anything like the cost of this book?



4. I've read the comments about this being a "What DOESN'T Work on Wall Street" reference but I tend to disagree. The comments seem myoptic in they only are looking at the short-term. This book out lines a long-term strategy.
   
   Overall I believe this book is worth reading. It outlines and gives evidence of various strategies that work and don't work. Eventually combining single factor strategies into multi-factor ones.
   
   Practical? While I do agree with the book's overall assessment of the strategies it presents, I don't think they are practical from an individual investor standpoint. There were many times while reading the book where I thought this is great information for a fund manager. And that's it. I don't see the everyday individual investor having the resources to gather the necessary data on a yearly basis to determine 50 stocks in the "All Stocks" or "Large Stocks" universes. At one point in the book it is even stated that "his team" is investigating these strategies at the sector level. No individual investor is going to have a team doing anything for them.



5. It is a good book to read since the strategies make sense and sound reasonable. Author at every opportunity points out that emotions are not part of investing and one must be mechanical when it comes to investing. He proves his points with many many charts and numbers. He made it sound like investing was very simple. I am not too sure if this is the case. There are still many situations that cannot be plugged into equations to make any model to work consistently without human intervention.
   
   After reading this book, I was very excited to try out strategies that I have learned. I was very pleased to read some common sense approach to investing in stocks. However I had my doubts and I started to question the mechanical nature of strategy which seems to make stock picking so simple. Then after reading reviews from Amazon, I found out that author started a mutual fund based on his growth strategy. I am greatful that author started the fund based on his growth strategy. It is called Hennessy Cornerstone Growth fund, HFCGX. I am greatful because now I know his strategy has not worked for past 10+ years. Looking at Yahoo chart I don't see this fund is performing very well over 5 or 10 years period. Since author's conclusion were based on 52 years of data, then I guess if you got another 42 years then you should make tons of money.
   
   I am disappointed that I probably will never make the money by investing in stocks, since it is more and more like playing slot machine at Vegas than investing.

1 comments about Asset Allocation, 4th Ed.

1. Asset Allocation is a well written informative book. It explains the theory behind allocation strategies and the math and examples are comprehensible for readers, such as myself, without a formal finance background. The book stops short of recommending specific allocation plans for the reader, but it certainly gives the raw tools for the reader to make more intelligent choices about proper diversification methods.

5 comments about How to Open & Operate a Financially Successful Wedding Consultant & Planning Business: With Companion CD-ROM.

1. 
   In this well-organized and well-researched book, Mr. Peragine lays the groundwork for anyone thinking of becoming a wedding planner. It is a comprehensive and insightful guide that gives practical hints on how to start the business. The writing is clear, and he covers all bases beginning with the personality required to become a wedding planner as well as how to actually run the business. He provides some tricks of the trade including how to obtain start up capital if you have bad credit.
   
   He even provides worksheets, sample press releases and web sites to get the beginner started. My only criticism of the book is that on some topics such as what it takes to become a wedding planner, he gets repetitious. In addition, some humorous examples of wedding plans gone awry might have made it more entertaining. Otherwise, it is a must read for any wedding-planner- to-be.



2. I would rate How to Open and Operate a Financially Successful Wedding Consultant and Planning Business a five. It was extremely encouraging to people who are interested in getting into the business of wedding planning. However, it also asked readers to be realistic about their expectations for the business. The book gave plenty of tips for getting started and gave web sites to visit for more networking information and references. The financial sections were a great eyeopener and greatly needed. Also, the little extra tidbits of information and tips on things like having a sense of humor with the process and handling difficult brides are very useful. These extras could be referred to by anyone whether they are just starting out or having been in business for a couple years.



3. This book has absolutely everything you need to get started in the wedding consultant & planning field. I absolutely loved how interactive it was! With charts, quizzes, and sample forms this book helped me get a better picture of what was involved. It covered everything from choosing the company name and developing a business plan to putting together my first events!
   
   Best of all, it was easy to read - just like talking to a friend who had already been through this process and was now guiding me! Everything was laid out in a conversational style with plenty of samples and case studies to help me really understand the information.
   
   Peragine has such great tips for starting a business, I would definitely recommend his book to anyone who was interested in starting their own service industry business, even if it wasn't wedding related!



4. The rather lengthy title seems like a mouthful, but it does aptly describe the information you'll find within the ten chapters. Also included are helpful appendixes that are critical to those in the wedding planning business. Within the appendix section, you'll discover a list of wedding shows held in states throughout the U.S., seating plans and sample menus.
   
   Planning even a simple wedding can be a vexing task to a bride and groom, and many are turning to wedding consultants to help them avoid the stress that comes with planning and organizing their dream day. It's a solid business idea for the motivated person.
   
   The addition of photographs, charts and sample contracts or documents helps keep the reader from being bogged down in information. Rather than throwing a bunch of information out there, the author uses real charts and documents to back up his information. These eye-catching images keep the reader's interest from start to finish.
   
   The book opens with a list of qualities that a person needs to succeed in the wedding planning business, a quiz to see if you have what it takes and a list of contacts that are critical to the business. From there he covers many important topics, you shouldn't pick and choose what you read because every page is packed with crucial tips. You'll learn how to design your own Web site, even using free online software to help cut business costs! He covers funding your business venture, expenses you should expect and marketing tips.
   
   If you are going to be requesting a business loan, you'll need a business plan. Peragine's guide includes business plan samples to get you started. Chapters also cover taxes, tax paperwork and insurance plans and coverage. You'll find tips and recommended programs for becoming a certified wedding consultant. Towards the end of the book, the author includes "Case Studies" where established wedding consulting business owners share tips and advice.
   
   Owning your own business also comes with challenges. John Peragine's business guide is critical because it covers more than planning a wedding. He covers the more important aspects of insurance, taxes and financial planning. While many dream of being their own boss, they often overlook these troublesome business matters that are essential to running a successful business.
   
   To me, this is what makes his guide stand out. "How-to" books are often filled with details on a specified business, but items like taxes and insurance coverage are glossed over. Not here! The author does cover these items thoroughly ensuring that those interested in the career are definitely prepared for all aspects of their new business. If a career in wedding planning appeals to you, start by reading John Paregine's business guide.



5. How to Open and Operate a Wedding Planning Business was very well organized and easy to read. The sections were broken down from writing a business plan, the importance of marketing, business law, and what kind of individual based on their personality is likely to succeed in the business. The information was very easy to read, honest, and to the point, focusing on the ins and outs of opening and creating a successful wedding planning business.
   
   There were several case studies that describe the success or downfall of specific wedding planning organizations and planning opportunities. After reading the book, I felt I had a great amount of knowledge about how to successfully plan, open, operate, and create a thriving business; starting from writing a business plan, to successfully financing my business and reaching all of my goals.

5 comments about Christian Reflections on The Leadership Challenge.

1. Thanks for your great service. The book was delivered quickly and in excellent condition. I enjoyed doing business with you.



2. I had to read this book for a class. I am glad that I did since it has been an amazing book. Great stories and a real easy read to help you understand the ways of being a leader.



3. James Kouzes and Barry Posner are business professors at Santa Clara University, but are better known for authoring what has become a cornerstone in business and leadership theory: "The Leadership Challenge." The book has enjoyed numerous printings, leading to "Leadership Challenge" seminars, "Leadership Challenge" based consulting, and spin-off books on "the Leadership Challenge." "Christian Reflections on the Leadership Challenge" is a book that revisits the time-tested leadership paradigm, and features prominent practitioners of the Christian faith musing on what the five dimensions of leadership look like in a Christian context.
   
   The book is divided into seven chapters. The first--and lengthiest--of the chapters is authored by Kouzes and Posner and is an introduction to "The Leadership Challenge" for those who have not read it. Yet, even thought the basics of the leadership paradigm are introduced, the faith component of leadership is heavily interwoven throughout this chapter. The examples of people who have successfully displayed a characteristic of successful leadership were all active in parish ministry, faith-based charities, or secular business-people whose faith influenced workplace decisions. This chapter was well-written and served as a valuable introduction to the remaining chapters.
   
   Each of the following chapters is authored by a prominent Christian and gives his/her reflections on how a leadership skill and faith interplay. John Maxwell (former pastor and author of numerous leadership books) reflects on "Model the Way," the habit of (a) determining your own personal values and (b) aligning your actions to reflect those values. Maxwell provides a very well-structured chapter in which he demonstrates not only a thorough understanding of aligning values and action, but lays it out in such a way that it is clear that he has made the concept his own. Showing pastoral concern for the reader, Maxwell organizes his chapter around five objectives that will aid the reader in exploring his intrinsic values and how to allow these values to surface in the workplace.
   
   The next chapter is authored by David McAllister-Wilson (president of Wesley Theological Seminary in Washington, DC) and concerns "Inspire a Shared Vision," the habit of (a) discovering your vision for the future and (b) communicating that vision in an inspiring way. For a well-respected academic, this reader was surprised at the abstract and emotional the chapter was written. Granted, the subject matter deals prominently with relationships and inspiration, but there was surprising little in the chapter that was concrete. Amidst musings on the personality of Jesus and anecdotes that went for the "you-had-me-at-hello-effect" were genuine gems of practical wisdom I wish McAllister-Wilson would've fleshed out more. Reading this chapter felt like a wasted opportunity to learn from one of the best; instead this reader felt "talked down to."
   
   Next, Patrick Lencioni (businessman and author) illustrates what it means to "Challenge the Process," that is to (a) embrace changes to internal functioning and external opportunities and (b) experiment, risk failing, and learn from these events. Lencioni provides the best-written, most concise chapter of the book as he out-right challenges the reader to examine his motivations for leading, challenging processes, and intrinsic determination. He is not abusive toward the reader at all, but makes it clear that leadership is often sought out for the wrong reasons; the reader is advised to first see to it that pride is sufficiently restrained. Once it is, challenging the process is a natural by-product of passion and courage. Helpful illustrations of Lencioni's successes and failures in challenging the process illustrate larger points and make the author more relatable.
   
   Following Lencioni, Nancy Ortberg (member of the pastoral staff at Willow Creek, suburban Chicago's most prominent mega-church) shows how "Enabling Others to Act" has played out in her life. This is the habit of (a) building coalitions and teams and (b) giving power away to trusted team-members. This reader felt it necessary to read Ortberg's chapter multiple times. At first, abstract emotion and pointless (yet heart-warming) anecdotes appeared to prevail; after several readings, the chapter proved to have more depth than originally thought. Like McAllister-Wilson, Ortberg provides helpful advice on leadership through team-building, but finding these gems requires a lot of digging.
   
   Finally, Ken Blanchard (businessman and author) reflects on "Encouraging the Heart," that is, the habit of (a) showing genuine appreciation for good work and (b) strengthening bonds by celebrating achievements. While the subject matter lends itself well to emotional sentimentalism, Blanchard resists that temptation and provides a nice balance between inspiration and practicality. Structuring his chapter to argue that leadership is an "inside-out" art, Blanchard provides practical day-to-day tips while holding up Jesus as the ultimate "One-Minute Manager" (what would such a book be without a cheap plug?).
   
   Finally, Kouzes and Posner close out the book recapping leadership and the importance of credibility. This final chapter whets the appetite for more wisdom and practical advice.
   
   As with any anthology, "Christian Reflections on the Leadership Challenge" contains the good, the bad, and the ugly. Fortunately, the reader will find a great deal of the former and not so much of the latter two elements. This book is recommended for those who find themselves working in a church/faith-based not-for profit, but is also applicable for those who hold to the Christian faith and desire insights on how that faith can manifest itself in the secular workplace. Also, those who would like a taste of "The Leadership Challenge" in under 130 pages will also find this book beneficial. In all, recommended.



4. Having read and reread dozens of books on leadership, I've always found The Leadership Challenge to be among the best. I was certainly intrigued to see Christian Reflections on The Leadership Challenge and my curiosity paid off in a delightful read that contains both inspiring stories and introspective challenges.
   
   As I read about the Willow Creek Axis group donating hundreds of pairs of shoes to the homeless in Chicago, I wept.
   
   As I read about John Maxwell writing out his "I am what" so "I do what" which results in "what", I was challenged and did the same myself.
   
   Having just read the book, 7 Triggers to Yes, I was inspired to read that, "Leaders keep hope alive... Hope is attitude in action." As 7 Triggers showed that inspiring hope is a powerful trigger used to influence and presuade and isn't that what leaders do.
   
   The book is a quick read (one night for me), but I do believe that the reminders of the principles in The Leadership Challenge are excellent and the inspiration coming from these varied individuals is uplifting. I think you'll enjoy this book.



5. Jim Kouzes en Barry Posner schreven in 2002 de bestseller The Leadership Challenge, 4th Edition , waarin ze 5 practices beschreven voor voorbeelding leiderschap:
   1. model the way
   2. inspire a shared vision
   3. challenge the process
   4. enable others to act
   5. encourage the heart
   In Christian Reflections on The Leadership Challenge graaft het duo, maar ook een aantal andere bekende christelijke schrijvers over leiderschap een spade dieper en reflecteren hun eigen geloof en observaties aan de practices. Het initiatief hiervoor kwam van John C. Maxwell (INJOY), gevolgd door Ken Blanchard (o.m. The One Minute Manager), Bill Bright, Kevin Myers, Nancy Ortberg en Andy Stanley. Na een introductie van de vijf practices door Kouzes en Posner pakken de anderen een practice bij de kop, diepen die uit met bijbelteksten, voorbeelden uit de christelijke praxis van kerk, gemeente, liefdadigheidsinstelling en bedrijfsleven. Vele mensen werden geïnterviewd, zodat een field guide for leaders ontstond. Christian Reflections ontnuchtert menig ingesleten paradigma van seculiere leiderschap-auteurs en brengt leiderschap terug naar haar joods/christelijke wortels.

5 comments about Cashing in on Covered Calls. Investing with Stock Options.

1. This book is an excellent read.Alan Ellman has developed a profitable system that a novice can follow as well as a seasoned investor.Alan makes the art of selling covered calls easy to follow and understand.The approach is very conservative,producing a steady monthly income stream.I have been selling covered calls using his system and have had a positive cash flow every month(even when the market went down).I highly recommend this book to anyone looking to successfully take charge of their own finances.



2. Best Book on covered call options that I've read
   This system was a real eye opener -Takes you step by step through the entire process from picking the correct stocks to exit strategies-While most option books only give you a cursory glimpse into covered calls, Ellman's book goes through the entire process-A must read for beginners and veterans alike



3. For the first time in my very long life the market is now my friend. This system is so clear and concise I'm even getting great returns in the market. Just following Alan's advise alone can point you in the right direction toward financial freedom. A must read if your looking to do things right.
   Dennis Hand



4. ALAN, I want to thank you for your book on Covered Calls. I subscribed to a course that cost several thousand dollars to learn all the different ways to use options (Bull Call, Bear Put, Straddles and Iron Condors etc) but they never told much about covered calls. I bought your book for $19.95 and a Subscription to Investors Business Daily. I have recouped my investment in the course and have settled on using covered calls exclusively to do options. My thanks to you for showing me the way. It involves much less risk and your method is a way that I can do options without losing sleep. It does require some monitoring, but that only takes a few minutes a day. Thanks Again



5. The book contains key concepts for creating a potentially profitable trading system, but doesn't go into enough detail in certain areas, especially regarding what to do when a stock goes down. I wanted more strategies dealing with managing losses, but I think the author saved that for his extensive line of CDs and DVDs. But you can figure out strategies of your own if you research, ponder, and trade long enough.
   
   My final word is for you the reader to enter the market slowly and get used to the rules of placing trades, to get a feel for how the market moves and how much, and to experience the feeling of having your money on the line (much different than when it's paper). Eventually you can move into bigger positions and discover how much "stress" you can personally endure. It took me many nights of half-sleep before finding a level of risk/reward I was comfortable with.

4 comments about Opportunity Investing: How To Profit When Stocks Advance, Stocks Decline, Inflation Runs Rampant, Prices Fall, Oil Prices Hit the Roof, ... and Every Time in Between.

1. Really like this book. Covers sector rotation, etf's, how to position yourself to profit regardless of the market. Good, usable information. Yes it is backtested info. Use at your own risk. I like it!



2. Gerald Appel is a well-known author, technical analyst (and developer of the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) indicator) who has written a practical guide to investing while dispelling a number of Wall Street myths on along the way. His book's purpose is to help readers who have limited time on their hands become active intelligent investors, as well as to help those individuals who are willing to put in more time and effort.
   
   In the book, Appel covers specifically which vehicles to invest in, the timing of the buys and sells, and how to construct a portfolio that is diversified and balanced based on the individual's age and financial situation. Throughout the book, he stresses the importance of active, informed, self-directed investing instead of the out-of-date and risky buy and hold approach which "may or may not service investors purposes in the future."
   
   The author suggests that investors focus not only on the U.S. stock market, but also on the overseas markets. He recommends investing in U.S. stocks, bonds, and money market instruments, as well as the more unfamiliar foreign bonds and stocks, real estate, and investments in foreign countries.
   
   Appel kicks off the book covering the myth of why buy and hold is not a risk-free investment strategy compared to active management. He shows that by using a few indicators such as the NASDAQ/NYSE ratio, direction of interest rates, public sentiment, and the Best Six Months Strategy (buy at end of October and sell in May and go into cash until next October) that investors can reduce their risk and obtain decent investment performance. For example, by using the NASDAQ/NYSE relative strength ratio with a 10 dma crossover signal, according to Appel it is possible to beat the market's performance with about half the risk.
   
   In another chapter, the author compares three diversified mutual fund portfolios showing how different market segments work well together to reduce risk and improve returns. He covers the basics of how to select the best mutual funds by providing the most important characteristics to consider for the long run. Furthermore, he illustrates how to pick funds that are in the top decile of performance.
   
   Appel devotes a separate chapter to income investing suggesting short-term bonds with high credit ratings, and current interest flow. In a section on maximizing safety he mentions T-bills, money market accounts, and setting up a bond ladder with wide diversification. He also reviews what to focus on for maximum potential returns, as well as balancing risk and return. A follow-on chapter reviews the keys to securing junk bond yields at Treasury bond risk levels. Another chapter reviews investing in REITs while another covers investing abroad using open-end and closed-end funds as well as ETFs.
   
   Appel favors ETFs as a new way to invest replacing the typical mutual funds. He contrasts the pros and cons of ETFs, the different ETF categories, and how to create and maintain a diversified portfolio. He provides three specific sample portfolios for different types of investors.
   
   The author's market timing approach encompasses both fundamental and technical analysis. On the fundamental side he reviews the P/E ratio, bond yields, earnings yields and provides guidance on how to interpret the readings. On the technical side, he discusses the four year and presidential election market cycles, advance decline line, and new high new low breadth indicator.
   
   Overall, Appel provides readers with a time-tested practical approach to take control of their investments. For those readers that prefer investing using their own skills this book will provide and excellent plan for moving ahead and succeeding.



3. Being a financial advisor, I've come across books that range from the very basic to the ridiculous.
   
   Appel's book, although more conventional then his previous titles, lays out a comprehensive, although extremely practical and relevant strategy for 1) understanding how the markets both stocks and bonds work and 2) giving the investor various options to use that although do involve time and some monitoring, provide a solid blue-print step by step guide that will allow them to more intelligently invest with their hard-earned assets while reducing risk where possible.
   
   Moreover, the combination of fundamental and technical analysis in security selection allows the investor to capitalize on both areas of the market that are affected by emotional factors (external events) but also takes advantage of proven technical and analytical strategies that in the long-haul will give the investor above market gains.
   
   Highly recommended.



4. For all of us that are interested in taking a more active role in our investments, the processes in this book are a good next step. There is a rare balance of acceptance of risk and potential gain in the author's suggested quarterly re-allocation method. The method is not a "read the market" approach, which virtually no one can do consistently, if at all. It is rather a method to use recent fund performance as a purchase / reallocation guideline for short periods of time (as in quarterly). It is definitely not for everyone, because of the quarterly attention required. A very good incremental step in a maturing investor's education.

5 comments about Secrets Banks and Lenders Don't Want You to Know/ Mortgage Free for Life!.

1. I thought this book was fabulous. I have been applying the secrets and I am seeing amazing results. I have never read a book quite like this. I bought a few copies for some family members and they all loved it.



2. Do the math. A $100,000 mortgage fixed for 30 years costs $600, if you got it @6% interest. Let us assume you found somebody who gave you the loan interest free, so all you have to pay back is the principle. The claim is you can pay it off in 7-10 years. I am using the 10 years, which means you have to pay $10,000 a year each of the next 10 years. Divide $10,000 by 12 months and you arrive at $833 a months or $233 more than your current payments. You have to make "extra payments" even if you call it something else.



3. I did not read this book, but was looking into it. Let me say this~ The infomercial says " not available except during this commercial". So I looked online and here it is. Come on! That in itself is keeping me from buying the book. Thanks for the other reviews too! :0)



4. There are no dumb questions. You don't know what you don't know. We have all been duped over the years that you pay the mortgage, take the tax write off and be happy with it. This is a way to speed up the pay-off process by the payer at the expense of the banks saving you a ton of money over time. Whoever came up originally with this idea should be considered for the Nobel Prize for economics.



5. Water is water! Dah! There is nothing of significance that you can gain from this book! The measured savings are insignificant with a lot or risk! The author was very repetitive to either lengthen the number of pages or he does not understand what he talks about.
   
   The TV ads proclaim shorting the time to pay mortgage by 40% without any additional payments/funds, it's clearly wrong, even a layman can see that you need to pay additional 12000.00 each year to accomplish this.
   
   Well, that's no secret or needs a smarts to figure it out.
   
   Save your money and time, There are no short cuts.

1 comments about Annuities For Dummies (For Dummies (Business & Personal Finance)).

1. Annuities For Dummies by Kerry Pechter is a very readable guide to annuities that makes sense of a very complicated insurance product (and what insurance products are NOT complicated?) Pechter guides the reader through a brief history of annuities to a broad view of how they work, and on to specific facts about the various kinds of annuities available. The only slight criticism is that his presentation is a bit overly favorable toward annuities, bolstered by selective statistical examples, like the one on p. 21. Hypothetical retiree "Smith" was over-invested in bonds and cash, which do not provide protection against inflation. That is partly why hypothetical retiree "Jones" with his annuity and stocks did better. Was it the annuity or the stocks that made the difference? The logic behind the example is undoubtedly that without an annuity, Smith would want very secure investments, hence, bonds and cash. All in all, the book will help any reader make better choices regarding annuities. And it's a fun read!

No comments about Rich Dad's Advisors: Guide to Investing In Gold and Silver: Everything You Need to Know to Profit from Precious Metals Now.

No comments about Getting It Right: Business Requirement Analysis Tools and Techniques.