1 comments about Astoria and Empire.

1. Frontier historians have long been appreciative of the path-breaking establishment of Astoria as a fur-trading post on the Columbia River in 1811 and its short history as a pawn in international rivalries. James P. Ronda, well respected for his work on the Lewis and Clark Expedition, presents in this book the first full-length study of Astoria to appear since Washington Irving's "Astoria" in 1836. The result is a fine work that is more significant than just a story of adventure in the Pacific Northwest or just one more account of a single aspect of the fur trade. It moves with a sweep and a dimension that places the little post on the banks of the Columbia River in the vortex of world events, a pawn in games of international rivalry and chance.
   
   Ronda describes carefully the efforts of John Jacob Astor, head of the Pacific Fur Company and several other business enterprises, to establish Astoria as the capital of his far western trading empire during the first decade of the nineteenth century. That effort moved from New York to Washington to St. Petersburg to Montreal to Canton as he manipulated international politics and appealed to personal desires. Astor, motivated by a quest for wealth but fortified by a sense of national prominence, appealed to the expansionist-minded politicians of the United States to gain support for Astoria's creation. He was finally successful and in 1811 the site was settled by representatives of the Pacific Fur Company traveling in two contingents, one overland and the other by sea. For the next three years Astor and his lieutenants battled bureaucracy in several nations, international ambitions on the part of several countries, rival fur trading companies, and the economics of the business to keep Astoria in operation. They failed, and it succumbed during the War of 1812 only to become one of the British North West Company's posts for the next twenty years.
   
   But "Astoria & Emoire" is more than a recitation of the life and death of the American settlement. Although it is little more than a footnote in most history texts, if Ronda had limited his book to the Astoria's history irrespective of other events that affected it I would have questioned the necessity of its publication. Instead, Ronda provides an excellent study in the history of international relations at several levels of governments and between private citizens. Astoria is, essentially, a case study in business and politics in an international setting. Ronda's work, moreover, is a social history. He uses some untapped historical materials to reconstruct life on the trips to and from Astoria as well as activities at the post. In so doing, he presents a very useful portrait of activities in an early fur trading establishment. He describes something of the interrelationships of cultures and allegiances between the Americans, the Indians, the French and British Canadians, the Russians, and the Hawaiians. This social portrait is especially welcome also as a glimpse of the diversity present on the early fur trading frontier.
   
   "Astoria & Emoire" is one of several refreshing books to appear on the development of the American West. It is a commendable work, and because of the skill of its author its 344 pages of narrative make interesting reading. One word of caution, however, this is not just western or frontier history, it is sophisticated analysis of several historical trends focused through the lens of Astoria; present in it also is social history and business history and diplomatic history and probably some other types of history yet unnamed. Those seeking staid fur trade literature with the emphasis on minutiae will be disappointed. Those readers pondering broader vistas, however, will be rewarded by considering Ronda's work.

2 comments about The Rocky Mountain Journals of William Marshall Anderson: The West in 1834 (Bison Book).

1. Anderson's journal, diary and narrative are an insightful look into his personal experiences, observations and thoughts during the fur trade year of 1834. Describing the multitude of people, places and events along the soon to be Oregon Trail , I can see why many historians reference his book for this time period. In typical Dale Morgan fashion, the editing is extremely well done, meticulously picking his way mile by mile with Anderson. Also included is the "Galaxy of Mountain Men" which are short but pertinent biographies of forty five men who influenced and helped shape the fur trade and western expansion movement.



2. It's kind of ironic, but of all the things offered to the reader in this magnificent book, Anderson's Journal of a trip he took west for his health in 1834 might be the least important. In fact, the Journal takes up less than 50 pages of this 430-page work. But it's all the rest that editors Dale Morgan and Eleanor Harris present that makes the book truly outstanding.
   
   Anderson kept a diary of his trip which he used later to compile the Journal. We get the diary as well, presented in juxtaposition on facing pages with the Journal for comparison's sake. We also get a 40-page introduction on Anderson and his times and a 20-page biography of the man. In addition, we get in full the articles he wrote for the American Turf Register based on his trip and the ethnological notes he kept on various Indian tribes he encountered. Best of all, I think, is the 140-page appendix entitled "Galaxy of Mountain Men," which contains incredibly detailed biographical accounts of over 40 major mountain men, from Kit Carson and Joseph Walker to Black Harris and Rottenbelly (a Nez Perce chief).
   
   William Marshall Anderson was born in Kentucky in 1807. His mother was first cousin of Chief Justice John Marshall, and his father, a Revolutionary War hero, was surveyor general of lands in Ohio and Kentucky. College educated and licensed to practice law, Anderson first organized a cattle import company in Ohio. But he contracted cholera in 1833, and then yellow fever, and decided to take a trip to the Far West to regain his health. In 1834 he made the trip that occupies his diary/journal at the core of this book in the company of William Sublette and a party of fur trappers.
   
   The genteel Anderson stuck out like a sore thumb in this rough company, and he really didn't get along well with anyone except Sublette. A man used to forests and rich farm land, he was unimpressed with the treeless Plains. He was fascinated by the Indians they came across, however, which probably sparked a life-long interest in archeology. He attended the Ham's Fork rendezvous where he met Carson and Bridger and many other legendary figures. Shortly after the rendezvous broke up, Anderson returned to St. Louis with Lucien Fontenelle's party.
   
   A full 50 pounds heavier than when he left, and with his health restored, Anderson married and converted to Catholicism upon his return. He settled near Chillicothe, Ohio, ran for Congress unsuccessfully, and then bought a farm near Circleville. After the Civil War he went to Mexico on an archeological expedition (although actually he was there to help set up a Confederate colony), contracted yellow fever again, and returned home to Ohio. He recovered and went on to study Indian mounds in Mississippi. In failing health, he died in Circleville in 1881.
   
   This book is truly a feast of riches for anyone interested in the mountain man period of the West, and not just during the six months of Anderson's sojourn to the Rockies. Morgan's annotations of the diary/journal are minutely detailed (Morgan is the best at this kind of thing), and the added features make the book almost encyclopedic. Even the bibliography is among the most comprehensive you'll find in a book of this nature. It's a magnificent piece of scholarship. Highly recommended.

No comments about A Country Between: The Upper Ohio Valley and Its Peoples, 1724-1774.

No comments about The American West Transformed: The Impact of the Second World War.

5 comments about History of Wyoming (Second Edition).

1. I bought this book to add more to my upcoming trip to Wyoming in October. I was hoping to read exciting stories from Wyoming's past like the adventures of the Hole-in-the-Wall Gang. However, this book is very encyclopedic and dry in its presentation of Wyoming's data. The information on the weather will be handy, but I could have done without the pages upon pages of data on soil composition and historical costs of cattle. This book is certainly full of information, just don't expect to be entertained by it.



2. I could not disagree more with the other reviewer who opined that it was encyclopedic but not exciting reading.

   Larson certainly has researched his subject very well and could easily be stated as the Dean Of Wyo History. As this is a comprehensive history up to the Post WWII era, the author by necessity touches on every area, yet leaves some at the macro stage where one wishes for more. This is well supplemented with a thorough annotated bibliographic section for further research.

   From its frontier routes with the Natives and mountain men to the explorers and natural resource, railroad and ranching industries which comprise this land, Larson weaves a tale which engages the interested reader and keeps your interest growing.

   The book is equally divided from its beginnings and overall description and then section two of the 19th C. on.

   A treasure of a state history. It must be added also that the line drawings by Brodie are very nice!




3. T.A. Larson -- known in fine Western fashion by his initials -- has written the official, scholarly history of Wyoming filling a huge gap in published literature about the state. Primary source material about Wyoming abounds, but few of us have the time or training to find it and then plow through it to make sense of it. Anecdotal information and imagined histories are also widely available, but few of those are reliable if you want accuracy or even the slightest bit of objectivity. Places built on myth -- and Wyoming was born of a number of them -- are wonderful, but they shouldn't be exempt from a more scholarly treatment like this. There are plenty of guidebooks, such as "The Wyoming Handbook" in the series published by Moon, that give you historical "color". But for a fuller, more realistic picture of this fascinating place, Larson is definitive.



4. This is a superb single volume on the history of the State of Wyoming. I have not had the time to finish it yet, it's a large book, but I can't put it down. This is a must for anyone researching American history and I can recommend it.



5. I have not read this book but as I was looking to purchase it I used Amazon's excellent preview features to search the contents. In a short time I discovered several serious errors. One of the most egregious was saying that Otto, Wyoming was settled by Mormons. It was not. Otto was the first town in the Big Horn Basin and was the home of the inestimable early Wyoming physician, Dr. Hale. After Otto lost the vote for county seat of the newly formed Big Horn County, the original settlers largely moved away. This was accelerated when the town was inundated by a spring flood of the Greybull River. The town was then moved to its current location where it has since been largely populated by Mormons. (The original Otto site is now a farmer's field which is infinitely more attractive than the "new" Otto.)
   
   Readers interested in a fascinating history of northwestern Wyoming might try to find a copy of Carla Loveland's Sagebrush and Roses which I believe is now out of print and was never available through Amazon.com. I found a copy at the surprisingly good library in Cody, Wyoming and was able to purchase a copy by contacting the city of Burlington, Wyoming who put me in touch with the author. Among other things, Loveland documents the charming pre-Mormon history of Otto which includes rangeland murders, frontier medicine, practical jokes, and music.
   
   Larson also errs on some of the canal-building history and so on. Though an avid student of Wyoming history, in the end, I chose not to buy.

1 comments about The Great Platte River Road: The Covered Wagon Mainline via Fort Kearny to Fort Laramie (Great Plains Photography).

1. Citing from over 700 journals, diaries and letters, Merrill Mattes' "The Great Platte River Road" is a must read for history enthusiasts of the Oregon Trail. From the five main jumping off points along the Missouri River: Independence, Ft. Leavenworth, St. Joe, Nebraska City and Council Bluffs, we see how all emigrant roads lead to Ft. Kearny. From here the lengthy and laborious journey to the west followed the Platte River. Mattes incorporates the overlander's journals with his own effective style of writing to give vivid, down-to-earth, hard-nosed descriptions of past events in such places as Ft. Kearny, Ash Hollow, Court House Rock, Chimney Rock, Scottsbluff and culminating with Ft. Laramie. He not only communicates the difficulties endured by the emigrants themselves such as river crossings, cholera and survival, but also chronicles accounts of the Pony Express, military, Indians, stage lines, etc. and how they all played a part in Manifest Destiny. Not only was this book a pleasure to read, it was extremely insightful and deep-rooted of our Westward expansion.

2 comments about The Cattle Towns.

1. "One of the most intelligent, interesting, and worthwhile contributions to the field of Western history in some time. [The author] has managed to say something rather basic about American culture in general." -- William H. Goetzmann. "Excellent . . . readable and persuasive. . . . One of the most refreshing and rewarding approaches to be applied to western history topics in many years, for [the author] is asking basic questions about social process and the nature of urban society." -- Howard Roberts Lamar.



2. In The Cattle Towns, Robert Dykstra demonstrates how five Kansas towns--Dodge City, Ellsworth, Caldwell, Abilene, and Wichita--developed through a complex set of conflicts that bred progress. Instead of adding to the frontier myth of wild and violent cattle towns, Dykstra builds upon studies of urban history and applies them to the developing frontier to create a local, social history that has national relevance.
   
   Success or failure of a town depended on a number of variables including location, promotion, and people. Location as related to the county center, railroad lines, and especially for this study, cattle trails, played major roles in determining town futures. Advertisements in newspapers located between the Kansas cattle towns and the source of the cattle herds in Texas lured the trail drivers north. The most important element in the future of the cattle towns, however, was the local population.
   
   Although the town newspapers often gave the impression that residents of the town and surrounding areas spoke in a unified voice, that was usually not the case. Disagreements between businessmen and rural folk, ranchers and farmers, natives and foreign-born, and reformers and vice practitioners were frequent. Dykstra contradicts earlier studies that claimed successful town development on mutual cooperation and shows how progress was made through such differences.
   
   The differences over town policy provided a forum for area residents to discuss the future vision of their town. Whether the discussion was over alcohol, gambling, prostitution, or the movement of the splenic flu deadline, the result was an exchange of ideas focused on improving the town. Town businessmen, for example, sympathized with the reformers who sought to improve the moral values of the town by eliminating vices, but not at the financial cost of losing the trail drivers who were attracted by such vices and spent their funds liberally throughout town.
   
   Due to the advancement of technology and the progression of settlers into the once open Kansas frontier, the cattle towns shifted their focus from cattle to the more consistent industry of agriculture. The westward movement of settlers altered the routes of cattle drives away from towns like Abilene and Dodge City and railroads continued to expand their coverage, removing these towns from the cattle industry. Despite the moral vices that accompanied it, the cattle industry between 1867 and 1885 helped provide an immediate economic base that developed towns and laid the groundwork for future success.
   
   Utilizing information from period newspapers, letters, maps, government documents, and previous studies, Dykstra creates a well-written study that explores urban aspirations and rivalry in a frontier setting. By examining the motivations of individuals and groups in the cattle towns, Dykstra has made a valuable contribution to town building on the changing frontier.

No comments about Women's Oral History: The Frontiers Reader.

No comments about Wichita: The Early Years, 1865-80.

5 comments about The Great Plains.

1. In the mid-1930s, this book won the Loubat Prize as the best work published over a five year period. In 1950, a national panel of historians selected The Great Plains as the most significant historical work by a living author. This book continues to receive attention as reflected in the bibliographies of current books dealing with aspects of the American West.

   In 1893, historian Frederick Jackson Turner's essay "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," outlined his Frontier Theory. Turner asserted that the frontier was the decisive factor in creating an American nation distinct from other nations; that the frontier created dominant traits of individualism, freedom, materialism, originality, et. al. Turner called the frontier a "safety valve" of abundant resources which shopuld be exploited for the benefit of the national good. Turner's theory foresaw progress from the simple to the complex.

   Webb's "The Great Plains" modifies Turner's theory by pointing out the steady progression of settlement westward from the timbered and well watered Atlantic Coast to the edge of the Great Plains; the 98th Meridian, an "institutional fault line." Webb contended the great plains were neglected until all lands that were timbered and well watered were taken; that pioneers "jumped" across to the Pacific Slope where they could also employ long-standing techniques that had been successful in the East.

   Not until the post Civil War era were pioneers able to settle the great plains (characteristics: a level surface, an absence of timber, and a deficiency of rainfall), and then only by drastically altering or changing their previous frontier techniques. According to Webb, westerners on the great plains became progressive because they relied upon change in order to overcome their harsh environment. The pioneer used what was given him and the results astonished the world.

   Great plains pioneers had to build houses without timber, burn fires without wood, carve furrows in soil so matted and tough an ordinary wood or iron plow would snag in the sod or skitter across its surface like a stick over ice, draw water from an arid or semi-arid land, and grow crops that could exist with little water. Webb contends adaptation and innovation in the development and use of new or existing products and techniques allowed the hardy pioneers to conquer their environment. In essence, often reverting from the complex to the simple - "geographic reality."

   This book is interesting and easily read. Webb's research ranges from the Indians, Spaniards, Americans, cattle, and water - encompassing the esoteric and the simple. For example, he delves into the Land Law of the West, in all its complexity (written by Webb 68 years ago) and the parallel and distinct differences in sign language used by deaf mutes and the plains Indians.

   Webb's scholarly research is reflected in the extensive bibliography that follows each chapter. The index is useful and annotated to identify areas of relationship when warranted.

   The accolades given this book over the years is well deserved. Webb's innovative study is fascinating and expands the reader's knowledge of the great plains as it contains a wealth of information on the history of the region. Webb's later book "The Great Frontier" was also influential and controversial. Both books are the hallmark of Walter Prescott Webb's long and distinguished career.




2. So many people use the cliche "this is the best book I've ever read" when critiquing it. I mean it. This book, 70 years old this year, is a brilliant historical work. Webb calls the 98th meridian an "institutional fault line" that required alteration or abandonment of all the laws and implements used in pioneering east of the line. Webb offers the windmill, the six-shooter, and barbed wire as three examples of inventive genius that allowed pioneers to settle on the Great Plains. Webb cites Eastern land laws, as well as the old English common law, as impractical when used on the Plains. Interestingly, Webb states that the West was lawless in part because settlers had to disobey these impractical land laws in order to survive on the Plains. Webb examines the Great Plains from a multitude of angles to substantiate his thesis. He successfully defends it, and in the process creates a work that is of great interest to people from many walks of life.



3. We traveled across Wyoming, down the Colorado-Nebraska border, crossed the narrow panhandle of Oklahoma, and continued southward through the high plains to Amarillo and Lubbock. It was long day. Temperatures reached 106 degrees. Our return from Wyoming to east Texas is never easy.
   
   The great plains are awesome, stretching forever in all directions. Barb wire fences, lonely windmills, widely scattered cattle, and some isolated ranch and farm houses are among the few landmarks. How did the early pioneers react to this vast barrier extending from Mexico to Canada?
   
   Walter Prescott Webb's acclaimed history, The Great Plains, is a fascinating examination of how our extensive plains shaped American history. For more than two hundred years settlers had pushed westward, largely along navigable rivers, and tamed a wilderness with the axe, the plow, and the rifle. But in the mid-1800s this westward movement encountered a new world, a vast expanse lacking forest, navigable rivers, and adequate rainfall. The lessons of the past few centuries proved irrelevant in this new, formidable wilderness.
   
   Webb argues that the Spanish (and later the Mexicans) failure to colonize the area that is now western United States was due to their inability to defeat the plains Indians, especially the Apaches and Comanches in Texas. Travel from San Antonio to Santa Fe was not easy; the route was southward deep into Mexico to Durango and then back west and northward to Santa Fe. The direct route westward across the plains was Indian country.
   
   As the American settlers ventured onto the plains after the Civil War, they were aided by an explosion of innovations, especially the Samuel Colt revolver (tipped the balance away from the Indians), the barb wire fence (made fencing possible), and the self-operating windmill (made water available). And the railroads made freight and livestock transportation possible between the sparsely populated great plains and the populated, industrialized eastern states.
   
   Webb describes in exciting detail the short, remarkable period of the cowboys, the cattle drives, and the cattle barons. Indelibly engraved on the American psyche, this period was already history by 1930 as Webb offered his insightful thoughts on the settlement of our mid-continent.
   
   I can think of only one other history of the American West that compares with this remarkable work, and that is that great book by Ray Allen Billington, Westward Expansion. Before your next travel across our endless plains, I encourage you to read Walter Prescott Webb's fascinating history of The Great Plains.



4. I've lived most of my 57 years on the plains, but enough elsewhere to understand specific differences; yet this book, written in 1931, taught me an abundance of information which I'd never known but which helped me empathize with the backdrop of my ancestors, and the competitive cultures on the plains. How the East failed to understand the implications of the plains topographical and climatic distinctives abounds yet today. So much senseless and ill-fitted government policy was applied to the plains, yet this book prophetically enables us to comprehen why past and present issues continue to be mishandled, water, foremost of these. It's unfortunate that wise water management has not progressed since his time in the same way that dryland farming practices have.
   
   'How we got here' is what Webb will tell you in the most insightful fashion. I reread many paragraphs, not because I didn't understand them, but because his language was packed with so much meaning, not a superfluous word one, I wanted to savor it again.



5. Couldn't put the book down. Excellent author who carries the story along with gusto. Full of references and detail about all aspects of the Great Plains. A book for everyone no matter that their interest might not have included the great plains.