5 comments about Izzy's Fire: Finding Humanity in the Holocaust (revised 2008).

1. Izzy's Fire is by far one of the best books I've ever read. I cannot imagine the pain and suffering of this family in the ghetto in Lithuania. The book was extremely well written and was very hard to put down once I started it. Kudos to Ms. Beasley on a job well done! I can't wait until her next book. This is a must read.



2. There are many people today that feel "entitled" due to race, relegion or the condition of the home in which they were born. This is a story about a family who's life was turned upside down by war; who lived in barns, potato holes and lived in fear of being murdered as was the fate of many of their family members. Through perserverance and a strong faith in God, they were able to get to America and lived the "american story" of pulling themselves up from poverty to owning a successful business. All young people need to read this story.



3. Izzy's Fire: Finding Humanity In The Holocaust is the triumphant true story of a holocaust survivor and members of her family escaped the Kovno Ghetto in Lithuania, survived trials and successfully hid until the war's end in a hiding places granted them by a Catholic farmer. She, her husband, and other refugees dug a hole between two potato cellars, and with the unselfish aid of that selfless, risk taking Catholic family, miraculously survived the Holocaust. Afterward she and her husband emigrated to America and encountered a joyful reunion decades later. Izzy's Fire gives voice to those who survived the Holocaust in hiding, and is a welcome addition to Holocaust studies shelves.



4. Rebeccasreads highly recommends IZZY'S FIRE as a compelling account of how a Lithuanian Jewish couple & their son survived the Nazi occupation, & hide for 3 years in a Catholic farmer's root cellar. & then surviving the Communist "liberation" of their homeland.
   
   Beasley draws from personal interviews, research & numerous memoirs, including those from Israel "Izzy" Ipson, who helped his family escape from Kovno Ghetto, one of the most notorious killing fields for Jews in Lithuania. The Ipps, as they were known then, relocated to Richmond following their liberation and later changed their name to Ipson. Their story has been re-created at the Virginia Holocaust Museum in Richmond, Virginia.
   
   IZZY'S FIRE is Eta's answer to those who say the Holocaust never happened, & is a tribute to personal bravery & the unquenchable resources of compassion, quick-wittedness & sheer determination to live, with a lot of luck thrown in.
   
   Complete with maps & photos, IZZY'S FIRE is a story for all time.



5. ....there is something wrong with you. But, it WILL inspire you. {I shall say at the outset that I will leave out a lot of the names I can't pronounce}. This is the story of a family of three Lithuanian Jews, and, secondarily, of ten others, saved from the Holocaust by the courage and sacrifice of one Catholic family. They survived, and made it to America....
   
   The tale is told from the viewpoint of Etta Ipp, who became Edna Ipson here in Richmond, VA. "Izzy's Fire" was a pet name her husband's family had for her. Some of the scenes, and stories, will make you sick. {DON'T let little kids read it}. Some will make you cry. There is great evil in the world; if you doubt that, read this book. There is also great good...never doubt that, either, for you shall meet it here.
   
   The Ipsons lost almost all of their family to the Nazis, but they survived, and even prospered. Izzy died in 1997. Edna was still alive at the publication of the book in 2005. Jay, their young son, is now in his mid 70s, and helps run the Virginia Holocaust Museum, in Richmond. He is living history. I shall do something I never do, and recommend you not buy this from your favorite bookstore...if you purchase it from the Holocaust Museum, Jay will sign and personalize your copy; that virtually makes it a sacred relic. I assure you I treasure mine.

1 comments about The Devious Dr. Franklin, Colonial Agent: Benjamin Franklin's Years in London.

1. In June of 1757 Benjamin Franklin embarked for London to serve as a agent for the Pennsylvania Assembly, returning to Philadelphia in 1762. In November of 1763 he returned to England, again as Assembly agent. Over the next few years he is appointed agent for the colonies of Georgia, New Jersey and Massachusetts, returning to the colonies in 1775. This book chronicles Franklin's years in London serving as colonial agent

4 comments about Masquerade: Dancing Around Death in Nazi Occupied Hungary.

1. This book will add another view of the Holocaust that few have seen before. When I told my wife I was reading the book, she said, "Isn't it depressing?" Naturally, any book that comes close to so much unnecessary loss of life will make the reader sad, and that is appropriate. On balance, though, this book will probably leave you feeling more optimistic than you were about what can be accomplished by well-meaning people.

   Tivadar Soros was a Jewish lawyer in Budapest when the second world war began. Hungary had been an ally of Austria, so the Nazis did not occupy the country until March 19, 1944 as they began to fear betrayal behind their retreating forces in the Soviet Union and the Balkens. The country was liberated by the Soviets in January 1945. Unfortunately, the Nazis used this ten-month period to murder as many Hungarian Jews as possible.

   But Mr. Soros also had had an unusual experience earlier. He had been a prison of war in Siberia during World War I. From that experience, he had learned that those who are prominent are in danger from totalitarianism, after seeing the prisoners' represenative shot to terrify the prisoners. Mr. Soros had been offered that "honor" just recently and had declined. He soon escaped from the prison camp, and had a most difficult time getting back to Hungary through the midst of the Russian Revolution. Where he had been idealistic and vocal before World War I, he came back determined to enjoy each day as though it might be his last. This exasperated his wife, who knew he could accomplish more.

   This perspective served him well when the Nazi occupation arrived. As in other countries, the Nazis relied on Jews to follow orders. There was a Jewish Council whose families were exempt from the deportations who helped organize others into the death camps and ghettos. Many people voluntarily wore the yellow star. Wanting to cut off the potential leaders, one of the first groups being rounded up were lawyers. This was being done in alphabetical order, so Mr. Soros had a little time to prepare. Rather than complying (as did over 600 Jewish lawyers from Budapest who were killed in the Holocaust), Mr. Soros decided to resist. He quickly justified this on the moral grounds of self-defense.

   Deprived of his livelihood and his property, Mr. Soros decided to use camouflage to protect his family (wife, two sons, and mother-in-law) by pretending to be Christians under assumed names. Although he knew nothing about how to undertake such a deception, he soon learned to acquire forged and real papers. He also shared what he learned with anyone who asked for his help. Those who were wealthy, he charged as much as he could. Everyone else, he either charged nothing or only what forged documents cost him.

   To be safest, the family continually lived apart from one another, meeting occasionally for coffee or a swim, and moved frequently. He helped them learn their "cover stories" and helped them practice how to react if braced by Nazis.

   There are many surprises in the book. Mr. Soros occasionally called on "Christians" for help who turned out to be other Jews using false papers. Some actual Christians took up wearing the yellow star, and the Nazis left them alone. While many people would not help, few turned Jews in to the Nazis. Some people would help for either profit or humanitarian reasons. You just had to keep looking until you found them. Most lost their nerve eventually and were either caught or stopped helping.

   Mr. Soros estimates that about 5 percent of all Jews in Budapest eventually obtained false papers. He also describes what happened to those who tried other ways out, like bribing Nazis such as Eichmann.

   The book is far more compelling than any spy novel I have ever read. It is also more inspiring because it shows what a committed "victim" of an evil regime can do. While other books portray Jews as being tough in concentration camps or in the Warsaw Ghetto, secretly hiding out in attics owned by friends, and being slaughtered, this one shows the side of a vigilent self-defense operating from an immediate defiance of the illegitimate authorities. This model needs to be well understood by everyone.

   Contemporary readers will also be fascinated to read about the rest of Mr. Soros's family, which includes the then 14-year-old George, who is now one of the world's richest men and famed fighter against totalitarian regimes. What an incredible family! The book also contains introductory comments by both sons, which will interest you as they recount the remarkable father they knew whom you will meet in this amazing book.

   The book was originally written in Esperanto, and was only recently translated into English for the first time.

   Everyone who wants to prevent future Holocausts must read this book!

   After you finish reading it, think about what you could do today to help someone else retain or gain their freedom and safety from injustice.

   Be prepared to save yourself . . . when all else fails! Saving someone else today increases your allies for tomorrow!




2. "Life is beautiful - and full of variety and adventure. But luck must be on your side." So begins a remarkable memoir of Jewish life under the Nazis in Hungary, _Masquerade: Dancing Around Death in Nazi-Occupied Hungary_ (Arcade) by Tivadar Soros. Soros was a thoroughly remarkable man who certainly had variety and adventure in his life, and his share of luck. There are many accounts of the horrors of the Holocaust, and Soros certainly does not minimize the death and terror that he witnessed. Unlike many such accounts, however, this is a story of optimism and triumph. Soros and all his family survived.

   His memoir begins in 1944 when the Nazis occupied Germany. Soros realized that "Since we can't stand up to Hitler's fury, we must hide from it." He and his family hid, but since they had to be seen in order to take care of daily needs, they took on the aspects of Christians. This involved his forming close relationships with a series of forgers, and once he took care of his immediate family's documents, he took care of other relatives, and then friends, and clients. "If anyone asked for my help, one of my principles in life was never to say no - if only to avoid diminishing their faith in human beings." Amidst narrow escapes and harrowing close calls, Soros kept a sense of humor which frequently emerges on these pages. As a "Christian," Soros was able to obtain cigarettes when those were denied to Jews, and since he didn't smoke, he would leave them at a watchmaker's, so that people with stars could get some. He went to the watchmaker to get his watch fixed, and asked the price. "How can you ask such a thing? It's on the house," the watchmaker said, and then whispered to the woman working beside him, "This is the Christian gentleman who brings us the cigarettes, you know." Soros says, "At least the Jews got to see that there were still a few decent Christians." Much of the humor is tinged with humane sadness; according to one of his sons, Soros used to say, "It is amazing how well people can bear the suffering of others."

   This wonderful memoir has been in print before. Soros, that practical idealist, as an Esperantist wrote the original in Esperanto in 1965, three years before his death. In libraries of Esperantists the book has been an outstanding volume from the literature the planned language has produced. It is here translated by Humphrey Tonkin, a linguist whose name is familiar to all American Esperantists. It includes brief, loving memoirs by his sons, one of whom, George, has become one of the world's richest and most influential people. If there is room on your shelves for history with hope, written by a thoroughly humane and lovable man, this book is perfect.




3. I lived in Budapest for several years and became fascinated by the stories of those brave souls who survived there through the trials of the last century. This recently translated memoire is one of the best. Mr. Soros is able to convey convincingly his experiences in Budapest during the last years of WWII. Like the best memoires, it offers a window into the mind and thoughts of the author in a way which rings true and resonates with the reader. For those who are interested by the human experience in this period of history, this is a must read.



4. This book has it all: drama, humor, philosophy, and history. The author is an unprepossessing, very clever, unsung hero, who makes humane, practical, difficult decisions daily and keeps his nerve under the Nazi occupation of Hungary. The number of lives he saves can never be properly tallied. You will find yourself alternately holding your breath and then cheering.

5 comments about Recollections and Reflections: How I Turned Despair into an Appreciation of Life (Library of Holocaust Testimonies).

1. I have known Jack Brauns for many years, and always urged him to write his memoirs. The result is far beyond even my expectations: a moving account of childhood before the Second World War, of suffering and pain during the war, and of rehabilitaion, perseverance and achievement after it. This book should serve as a beacon of encouragement to anyone who finds difficulties on life's road.



2. When Jack and Joyce called us several weeks ago and told us about Jack's book we were thrilled and couldn't wait to read it. I must say that I read and digested every word. The first part of the book reads like a Dickens novel. The tragedy of the holocaust is ever more gut-wrenching as seen through the eyes of this innocent boy who matter-of-factly tells us his personal story of the horror and unbelieveable suffering that he is witnessing every day of his young life. Amazingly there is no hate - just disbelief and bewilderment. And an incredible ability to survive in a situation where most of us would have surely perished. And most did. I was also amazed by his ability to remember so many people, places and specific happenings. Jack's unique personality and intelligence, even in his formative years, were obviously instrumental in dealing and coping with the many crises and near fatalities. His Guardian Angel was certainly working overtime! Jack obviously, even at a young age, had the unique ability when he was up against overwhelming odds to see an opportunity, seize it and take control of his destiny in a way that not many of us could have . A combination of intelligence, charm and eternal optimism. Which describes the person that Karina and I met in October 1973 when I joined Jack, Don and Mark in their surgical practice. I have always had great respect for Jack as a person and as a surgeon but now having read this powerful account I am absolutely humbled. We cherish the time that we spent with Joyce and Jack and their lovely family. Thank you Jack for writing this book and sharing a story that had to be told - and told it was!
   I should also add that the account of Jack Brauns, M.D. frrom Medical School through internship and residency and into the practice years is an one that should be read by every young aspiring surgeon and doctor. It is full of wisdom and practical advice, from both Jack and his dad, that would benefit even a seasoned surgeon such as me. In fact just after reading Jack's book I had a patient who had sustained chest trauma. We weren't sure whether or not she truly had had a pneumothorax. Of course I told the radiologist "make sure that you take an expiratory film as well!". Thanks again, Jack. (And I bet that Dr. DeBakey, if he read this, would smile).
   David C. Rilling, M.D.
   Surgeon
   Sellersvillie, Pa.
   October 31, 2007



3. I read the book in one sitting. I came away taking the incredible journey of survival that Dr. Brauns experienced as something that I was living while I read his words. The power of Postive thinking and appreciation for life; the struggles that came with the help of angels that enter our lives. This book represents Hope in the midst of Horror. Dr. Brauns allowed me to come away seeing how God actually intervenes without religious beliefs or doctrines; but acts of kindness without reason or reward. Especially in the darkest hours of one's life. These are the threads of humanity that keeps us from losing hope in our fellow man. For those who perished we mourn and remember; but it is from those who lived that we should learn. This is what I came away with after turning the last page. I recommend this book to anyone who would be open to be inspired.



4. As an archivist who works extensively with autobiographies and memoirs pertaining to pre-war and wartime eastern European Jewry, I can attest to the fact that Dr. Jack Brauns is one of the last remnants of a rare breed. From his impressive family pedigree dating back to Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Sweden to his earliest years growing up in Kaunas, Lithuania to his postwar years training as a physician in Milan to his professional medical career in the United States, I could not help but be impressed and captivated by everything that Dr. Brauns has managed to achieve in his rather full life. As if that alone weren't enough, Dr. Brauns' account of Jewish life in pre-World War II Kaunas helps shed further light on the history of this once vibrant cultural and intellectual center of Lithuanian Jewry, which was all but decimated in the Holocaust. From the dual perspective of a researcher and the granddaughter of Holocaust survivors, I thank Dr. Brauns for the multifaceted lessons I have garnered from his uniquely inspiring autobiography.
   
   Rivka Schiller, MLIS
   Gruss Lipper Digital Project Archivist
   YIVO Institute for Jewish Research



5. A very interesting and inspirational life story about overcoming impossible odds.
   The author just passed away and local newspaper said the book was out of print, but Amazon as usual, has an amazing collection of items available.

No comments about Elsie's War: A Story of Courage in Nazi Germany.

1 comments about Cries in the Night: Women Who Challenged the Holocaust.

1. The authors wrote of 7 women, out of many they could have chosen. An astonishing chronicle of courage in the face of Nazi terror. While many of the powerful and famous failed to help, these humble women - some vowed religious, some lay - faced death and torture and fearlessly rescued some hundreds of innocent people, including many children. A moving, wonderful book.

No comments about Bernard Malamud: A Writer's Life.

3 comments about A Stranger in the Land: Jewish Identity Beyond Nationalism.

1. In 1984 the author, a reservist in the education corps of the Israeli army, refused to cross into occupied Lebanon to delivery a morale-boosting lecture to Israeli troops: his act of rebellion changed his life and A STRANGER IN THE LAND blends history with autobiography and personal insights into the politics and meaning of displaced Jews and their Israeli homeland. An outstanding cultural and social survey, A STRANGER IN THE LAND reaches beyond the usual confines of either memoir or Jewish history and should do well in any general public lending collection.
   
   Diane C. Donovan
   California Bookwatch



2. In A Stranger in the Land, Daniel Cil Brecher creates an engaging narrative about the Israeli Nationalism. As a Jew who grew up in Germany and as a historian who worked in Israel, Brecher came face to face with anti-Semitism in Germany and chauvinistic nationalism in Israel. By incorporating personal experiences and contexts from Middle East conflict, he supplies an account that is at once personalized and representative of biases, prejudices and myths that Israelis have build to rationalize their relationship with Arabs and Arab States.
   
   The justification of certain excesses committed by the Israel state rests on their own victimization during holocaust. Brecher identifies the rational and irrational arguments advanced through propaganda and myths to portray Jews as being driven into conflict after conflict in Middle East. He examines the choices made by various Jewish leaders in past hundred years, be it armed conflicts in Palestine, Syria or Lebanon, or acquisition of land, and details the contexts by which every choice was justified, defended and is celebrated in retrospect. As a historian, he found access to sources and facts that he uses to serve us an analysis which captures difficult human contradictions, epitomized in Middle East conflict.
   
   Israel is a relatively young, but powerful nation. By merely existing in a land bought, annexed, captured or taken away from Arabs who lived there for centuries, as a nation, Israel has been a defiant, unwelcome neighbor for most Arab nations that surround it. Israel presents itself as a territory battered by terrorists and hostilities from all sides. In Brecher's view, the hostilities are fed by Israeli ultranationalism, and the need or greed to carve out a Jewish state in spite of gross human cost involved. By emphasizing their claim to land as just and as ordained by religious edicts and Western support, the Israelis are able to treat the claims of Arabs or Palestinians as secondary and unreasonable. The whole education system, employment, businesses, media, government and daily life of an Israeli promotes this nationalism. Holocaust looms as a grey background which sanctions splashing of the non-Jewish blood for the protection of a Jewish state and the Jewish identity. Yet and here Brecher's presentation stimulates the question that Arabs have asked for decades: Why should Palestinians or Arabs be punished for the excesses that were committed by Chirstians or Nazis in Europe?
   
   Of course, the Middle East conflict is fed by armed and political struggle or unrest kept alive by Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), Hamas, Hezbollah and various other radical Muslim outfits. In this war, every side has its share of bitterness and bad blood. Revenge drives some, religion motivates others and for some, it is a simple question of seeking a homeland. The idea of attracting the world attention to Palestinian issue by making loudest noises (bombs) or through dramatic episodes (hijacks) seem to have originated by political climate where Jews hold the cards. The approach has repeatedly resulted in severe backlashes and have in fact helped Israel market their side of the story, which portrays such acts as terrorist acts. Sometimes the backlashes have been evoked to articulate the Palestinian situation of a weak victim being trounced by the strong Israeli military. While Arab nations buy the Palestinian version of story, the same story sells in US and UK and Israel as struggle of a tiny nation against a strong neighborhood of terrorist states. Injustice is considered as the attribute of enemy by both sides, and of course both sides need to step back and consider if bloodbath can ever resolve this vicious circle of hate.
   
   Brecher, in his remarkable analysis, also portrays the complexities inherent in the Israelis. The contrast between the original, pre-world war settlers and those driven to the land by Nazism or Hilter; people of the Eastern European vs Western European origin; the conservatives and liberals; the agricultural and industrial citizens & between the natural born and naturalized citizens is brought out by the book. In the quest for a common identity, and a nation, Israelis have relied on religion as much as they have relied on creation of common myths, fears, memoirs (of holocaust), and perhaps the conflict binds the diverse groups within the country much better than any other attribute could.
   
   Likewise, the Palestinians are torn between the radical elements and peaceful protesters. The escape route to Jews or Muslim in Middle East is to emigrate to US or Europe, and both communities discourage it by showing an aversion to materialism or profit-intensive capitalism. Again in exercising that option, a Jew is more welcome than an Arab. Be it per capita income or land holdings or education or propaganda, the Jews are at much more advantageous position, and while this feeds the ego of an Israeli, it also accentuates the bitterness of a Palestinian.
   
   I recommend this book as an essential reading for anyone vaguely interested in understanding the genesis and complexity of Middle East conflict. By looking at Jewish identity beyond the nationalism of the state of Israel, Brecher provides a perspective which seems less biased than most Jewish takes on Middle East conflict. His book is critical of Jews as much as it is critical of the Palestinians involved in the conflict. Just playing the blame game can never end this conflict. The attempt to compile the intricacies of the problem usually reveals how problem can be solved. Brecher manages to supply us with a narrative that gets us to sit down and mull over details. The book has value as both as a memoir and a history text, and above all, as a script of contradictions that present themselves when we look at our beliefs about our nation, religion and past.



3. Let's start with a big problem about this book. I feel that Brecher has found excuses to deny human rights to Israelis. And I think this is a bad precedent: once we deny human rights to some folks, we'll be denying them to everyone else as well.
   
   That said, this book has some fascinating material, and at times I think Brecher makes a big effort to be accurate.
   
   Still, the blame assigned to Israel for the 1948 war is surreal. Israeli assertions of innocence are mocked, as if the author were unaware that the Arabs were the aggressors. And it does make a difference.
   
   We're told that under international law, Israel must take back Arab refugees. Um, is this the same international law that applies to whether or not the Czech Republic or Poland must take back German refugees? And would that law apply to refugees who intend to dismantle the nation they move to, by force, in wartime?
   
   Brecher says that the gap between the Israeli and Arab versions of the conflict is "so wide that all negotiations sink into it." He's right. It is. And I think the solution is truth. But Brecher implies that most of the falsehoods are on the Israeli side. In fact, most of them are on the Arab side, including gratuitous falsehoods by the Western media, including the Guardian and the BBC, some academic departments in Western universities, including Columbia's MEALAC, and, of course, the United Nations. Perhaps if we started with truth, we could consider something that hasn't been tried before, a big Arab apology for Arab aggression!
   
   I'd like to mention a side issue. Brecher discusses the battle for Deir Yassin in 1948. The Jews won that battle. Four of the Jews were killed, and more than thirty were injured. Over 100 Arabs were killed, many of them civilians. And one of the things he says is "some of the survivors were loaded onto open trucks and paraded through the Jewish quarters of the city and then expelled to the Arab part of Jerusalem." By "survivors," he means Arab survivors. My point is that Rashid Khalidi might want to read that sentence. Khalidi claimed in a book that these Arabs were taken back to Deir Yassin after the parade and murdered!

No comments about Two Nations in Your Womb: Perceptions of Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages (S. Mark Taper Foundation Imprint in Jewish Studies).

4 comments about Escape and Return : Memories of Nazi Germany.

1. Escape and Return is the memoir of a life defined by the tragic, great force of World War II and the Holocaust. Written in a direct, chronological style, Fritz Ottenheimer's story takes you through a dark period in human history while taking you through his own life; a life filled with the tragedy of families and communities decimated, but also with triumphs, love and, yes, laughter. While not attempting to be an exhaustive study of WW II or the Holocaust, Mr. Ottenheimer's book has plenty of direct, first-hand information on everything from pre-war life in small German towns, to his own personal experience as a U.S. soldier assigned to Germany at the moment of Nazi defeat;the irony of his return a mere 6 years after fleeing Hitler and setting to the job of "de-Nazification" of his prior homeland is a riveting and deeply moving story.

   While the title of the book is Escape and Return, there are actually more "returns" in later years as Fritz Ottenheimer returned on his own personal journey to the town and land of his birth,where he was welcomed back and invited to tell his story to a new generation as well as his ongoing efforts for personal reconciliation. This book,(which has also been published in Germany) reads like an oral history, suitable for adults and teens(paired with the Ann Frank story as supplemental readings for WWII history) who want to learn more about this "black hole of history." (Ottenheimer's words.)




2. Mr. Ottenheimer has written an extremely insightful book about the events leading directly up to the Holocaust, the Allies drive to push Nazism out of Europe at the end of the war, and the restoration of normalcy in Europe after the war - all events that the author experienced first hand. The book also reflects upon how this era is addressed in the schools and teachings in Germany today and even parallels events of that era to world politics in our era. This book is extremely well-written and easy to read. I strongly recommend it for anyone interested in history.



3. WWII is an interesting but sad topic. Many books have been written about it. This, Mr. Ottenheimer's book, is a combination of most of them. As a native of Konstanz, Germany, he gives us very accurate information about the living condition before and during the coming crisis. He could escape to the USA shortly before Germany invaded Poland. Later he returned as a member of the US Army. This gives him the unique possibility to see the war from both sides. He wrote about everything you could imagine: Life in pre-war-Germany, war-refugees in the USA, military training, military engagement in Europe and even about his relation with people from the old continent. Living in Switzerland (I just got 20), very close to Konstanz, it was very interesting to read about that nearby town. Too many things have never been said. I would recommend that book to everyone to read for it is unlike any other auto-biography. It reads so easily like a novel (not too difficult for foreign speakers neither). You hardly can put it away, it is so captivating.



4. I thoroughly enjoyed this book. As a reader of many Holocaust/World War II books, I am very impressed with Mr. Ottenheimers well written story. He made his family & other characters come alive for the reader & made us care for them & cry for them. It is an event in our history that must never be forgotten & it must happen "NEVER AGAIN."